Emergency? Call 112 now. Dispatchers will guide you through these steps on the phone.
People who use insulin or certain diabetes tablets can develop low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) quickly — after missed meals, extra exercise or alcohol.
Signs
- Shaking, sweating, pale skin, hunger, irritability.
- Confusion, odd behaviour that can look like drunkenness.
- Drowsiness, seizures or unconsciousness in severe cases.
What to do
- If they are alert and can swallow, give 15–20 g of fast sugar: glucose tablets, a small glass of fruit juice or regular (non-diet) soft drink, or sweets.
- Wait 15 minutes, then repeat if they are not improving or their meter still reads low.
- Once better, give a snack with longer-acting carbohydrate (sandwich, biscuits).
- If they are unresponsive or can't swallow, give nothing by mouth. Place them in the recovery position and call your emergency number. Use their glucagon kit if you are trained.
Last reviewed October 22, 2026 against current public guidance from national resuscitation councils and Red Cross / Red Crescent first-aid manuals. General education only — not a substitute for certified training or professional medical advice. Medical disclaimer · Suggest a correction